The Star-Delta Starter (YDS) is a very common type of starter and is used extensively as compared to the other type of starting methods of the induction motor. A star delta is used for a cage motor designed to run normally on the delta connected stator winding. An overload relay (O/L) and a timer (T) for setting the time in the Star position (starting position).
A starter connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Hence, the motor is subjected to the full voltage of the power supply. Consequently, high starting current flows through the motor. This type of starting is suitable for small motors below 5 hp (3.75 kW).
In dual Starter the motor is directly fed from the line and in star-delta starter then Motor is started initially from Star and later during running from Delta. This is a starting method that reduces the starting current and starting torque. The Motor must be delta connected during a normal run, in order to be able to use this starting method.
When the motor picks up the speed, about 80 percent of its rated speed, the switch S is immediately put into the RUN position. As a result, a stator winding which was in star connection is changed into DELTAconnection now. The delta connection of the stator winding in shown in the figure below.
In operation, the Main Contactor (K1/M) and the Star Contactor (K2/S) are closed initially, and then after a period of time, the star contactor is opened, and then the delta contactor (K3/D) is closed. The control of the contractors is by the timer built into the starter. The Star and Delta are electrically interlocked and preferably mechanically interlocked as well. In effect, there are four states:
OFF State: All Contactors and its contact are open.
Star State: The Main and the Star contactors are closed and the delta contactor is open. The motor is connected in star and will produce one-third of DOL torque at one-third of DOL current.
Open State: The Main contactor is closed and the Delta and Star contactors are open. There is voltage on one end of the motor windings, but the other end is open so no current can flow. The motor has a spinning rotor and behaves like a generator.
Delta State: The Main and the Delta contactors are closed. The Star contactor is open. The motor is connected to full line voltage and full power and torque are available. This type of operation is called open transition switching because there is an open state between the star state and the delta state.
